Organizational Culture Procter & Gamble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Culture Procter & Gamble - Essay Example The recruitment process at the company deploys innovative elements that help candidates implement self-assessment during the testing process (Recruiting Blueprint). Further on, the company philosophy declares equal opportunities for open positions and supports promotion from within, through on-the-job, formal and on-line training programs. P&G's corporate values can be found on its international website (Careers Global). These are leadership, Ownership, Integrity, Passion for Winning, and Trust. To me the most appealing aspects of the corporate value system are leadership and passion. In my opinion strive for leadership and passion are values a person is born with, but need to be developed and guided and this requires a proper corporate culture. P&G promotes these principles through strategic focus on work, dedication to innovation, and by valuing "personal mastery". Further on, integrity and ownership mean that individual and company interests are one and the same, which makes P&G's employees and associates owners of the company successes. Most of the company's products are manufactured in company owne... 486), namely: Attention to detail Most of the company's products are manufactured in company owned facilities (Sustainability Report, 2004). Being a consumer products manufacturer, details are important, because they create value for P&G's customers. Innovation Central to P&G's strategy is the company's capability to develop and introduce new products within short time limits (Ball et al, 2005, p. 450). Annually the company spends nearly $2 billion on R&D in 150 science areas (Huston et al, 2006). People orientation The power of people at P&G is focused on the following statement by one of the company's former CEO's: "[] But if you take away our money, our buildings, and our brands, but leave us our people, we can rebuild the whole thing in a decade" (Recruiting Bluepring). Aggressiveness Aggressiveness and competitive spirit is promoted through the stated values of "leadership" and "passion for winning". 4. Does the organization you identified have a strong or weak culture Explain. Is this culture ethical, customer-responsive, or spiritual Being a global employer to 98,000 people in 80 countries (Company Profile) is not an easy task. It requires wise management of people and processes, and a strong organizational culture. In my opinion P&G's culture is strong, because it promotes the same core values and principles in all its subsidiaries. Strong sustainable culture is sustained through strong selection practices worldwide; strong P&G's brand name, universal English language for internal communication, a Worldwide Business Conduct Manual (Sustainability Report, 2004) and other tools. When analyzing the culture, I can define P&G as a customer-responsive culture. There are many aspects that

SWFRSs Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

SWFRSs Resource Management - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that SWFRS has numerous resources including financial resources, operational resources, human resources, equipment and appliances, extinguishing media and communications resources. SWFRS came to the realization that human resource is the most important resource that an organization can ever have; an organization cannot succeed without effective management of its human resource. The service has always strived to create a strong corporate culture. SWFRS has been creating a strong corporate culture by encouraging co-operation and integration across the service and establishing quantitative performance measurements. Much of SWFRS’s procurement process is computerized. This is in line with its policy of making its operations more efficient and effective. This has helped in ensuring the effective management of its resources. The service strives to ensure continuous improvement of its operations in line with its objectives. To achieve this, t he service has strengthened and reinforced its evaluation function. Implementing these policies have helped in ensuring that the service conforms to international standards. SWFRS has contributed greatly to the efficiency effectiveness in fighting the fire and saving a life. This can be attributed to its integration of information and communications technology into its operations. SWF's management of its resources has also been very efficient at all levels (South Wales Website, 2009).  The South Wales Fire and Rescue Service, SWFRS, was established by the Wales Local Government Act (1994) in 1996, with the aim of reforming the Welsh local government (South Wales Website, 2009). SWFRS was created by merging previous fire brigades such as Gwent, South Glamorgan, and Mid Glamorgan. It covers about 3,000 square kilometers and about 1.5 million people. The fire authority running this service is a board comprising councilors from ten key areas covered by this service. SWFRS, being one o f the UK’s biggest fire services, employs about 1,600 fire-fighters in over fifty stations.

The Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

The Middle Ages Essay The Middle Ages was an era that could be described several different ways. Like all spans of time they had their downfalls, victories, different views of faith, and different forms of government. The Middle Ages span from 500 to 1500 in Europe. This is a very extensive period of time, and it is difficult to label it with one name. So many different events and themes took place. Nevertheless, the labels that best describe this era would have to be The Dark Ages, The Age of Feudalism, and The Age of Faith. The Middle Ages could be referred to as the Dark Ages for several reasons. In this time period there were a lot of wars and raids taking place, especially Viking raids. â€Å"846 According to their custom the Northmen plundered†¦ and burned the town of Dordrecht†¦ the Northmen, with their boats filled with immense booty, including both men and goods, returned to their own country†¦.† (Doc.3). Often times there was nothing that people could do to prevent these raids because they happened so quickly. The Vikings were not at all like the people they were used to fighting for the object of land. The Vikings only wanted money and prisoners, and that made them harder to stop. There were also barbarians like The Moors, and The Hungarians who brought terror with them wherever they wandered. â€Å"They burned down the churches and then departed with a crowd of captives†¦ there is no longer any trade, only unceasing terror†¦.† (Doc. 1). Some people would say that you should focus on the accomplishments of the era, and not on the negative. There is just so much negative that it tends to outshine the positive. This document tries to show you the side of the Middle Ages, â€Å"It flourished in the midst of rude surroundings, fierce passions, and material ambitions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc. 7). The era did continue amidst these things, but that does not make it a good age to live in. It makes it a dark age just because of its rude surroundings, and fierce passions. Feudalism was the social system in Europe in the Middle Ages. Nobility would hold land from the Crown and in return offer military service. â€Å"I will aid the count of Champagne in my own person, and I will send to the countess of Champagne the knights whose service I owe to them  for the fief which I hold of them†¦.† (Doc. 2). This age could be named The Age of Feudalism because it was the dominant social structure of the time period. This is also the only age when we really see Feudalism play a strong role in society. To understand the structure of it more completely take a look at the next document. â€Å"Vassal to Lord -Loyalty –Military Service –Ransom, if needed; Lord to Vassal -Protection –Land (fief)† (Doc. 4). The vassal was the name that was given to the person who was granted the land. Feudalism was a major part of everyday life for people who lived in Europe during The Middle Ages. The Catholic Church had a lot of power in all aspects of life in this era. The Pope even had the power to ask people to fight for God, and they would do just that. In this document Pope Urban 11 is calling for a crusade or holy war to recapture the Holy Land. â€Å"Your brethren who live in the [Middle] East are in urgent need of your help†¦.† â€Å"All who die by the way, whether by land or sea, or in the battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins† (Doc. 9). Many people heard this and obeyed risking their lives for the church. The power the church had was even visible as you can tell from Document 10 which is a picture of a Gothic cathedral. It’s standing high above the people, and even above the buildings surrounding it. More examples of what people would do for the church come from documents 5 and 8. Document 5 is a Church council calling for the observance of the Truce of God. â€Å"†¦so that no one may commit murder, arson, robbery, or assault, no one may injure another with a sword, club, or any other kind of weapon†¦.† (Doc. 5). This showed the Church’s power to even make laws that people would obey. Document 8 is adapted from the fourteenth-century monastic vows of Brother Gerard. The document show what some people would give up to be a monk in the Church. â€Å"I hereby renounce my parents, my brothers and relatives, my friends, my possessions†¦and the vain and empty glory and pleasure of this world. I also renounce my own will, for the will of God† (Doc. 8). This is why the title The Age of Faith belongs to The Middle Ages. An additional document would be helpful to make this essay better. If I had been given a document on the serfs lives I could’ve used it for The Dark Ages, and the Age of Feudalism. The Middle Ages are a very interesting time period to write about due to the many different aspects of the period that come to play. Even though it was such a dark time there are always some bright things in the dark. For this  time period it was the Church, and the inventions and knowledge that were gained. The labels The Dark Ages, the Age of Feudalism, and the Age of Faith are truly the best ways to describe The Middle Ages.

Nutrition During Pregnancy | Annotated Bibliography

Nutrition During Pregnancy | Annotated Bibliography Geraldine O’Sullivan, et al (2009) did this study to investigate the effect of feeding during labour on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Prospective randomized controlled trial was used as design in this study. Setting of this study was at Birth centre in London teaching hospital. 2426 nulliparous, non-diabetic women at term, with a singleton cephalic presenting fetus and in labour with a cervical dilatation of less than 6 cm. were participants. In this study they provide light diet or water during labour and they measure the outcome of spontaneous vaginal delivery rate. Other outcomes measured included during this duration of labour, was need for augmentation of labour, instrumental and caesarean delivery rates, incidence of vomiting, and neonatal outcome. Result was the spontaneous vaginal delivery rate was the same in both groups (44%; relative risk 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.90 to 1.08). No clinically important differences were found during duration of labour (geomet ric mean: eating, 597 min v water, 612 min; ratio of geometric means 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.03), the caesarean delivery rate (30% v 30%; relative risk 0.99, 0.87 to 1.12), or the incidence of vomiting (35% v 34%; relative risk 1.05, 0.9 to 1.2).Outcomes of neonatal were also similar Hazel M Inskip et al (2009) conducted this to examine the extent to which women planning a pregnancy completely with recommendations for nutrition and life style .Design was used for this study were prospective cohort study. Setting was at Southampton, United Kingdom. Participants are 445 non-pregnant women aged 20-34 recruited to the Southampton Women’s Survey through general practices, 238 of whom became pregnant within three months of being interviewed. Result was the 238 women who became pregnant within three months of the interview were only marginally more likely to completely with recommendations for those planning a pregnancy than those who did not become pregnant in this period. Among those who became pregnant, 2.9% were taking 400 ÃŽ ¼g or more of folic acid supplements a day and drinking four or few units of alcohol a week, compared with of those who did not become pregnant. 74% of those who became antenatal mothers were non-smokers compared with 69% of those who di d not become antenatal mother (P=0.08). Women in both groups were equally likely to consume five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day (53% in each group, P=1.0), but only 57% of those who became antenatal mothers had taken any strenuous exercise in the past three months compared with 64% in those who did not become antenatal mothers (P=0.03).Concluded the study as only a small proportion of women planning a pregnancy follow the recommendations for nutritional diet and lifestyle. Greater publicity for the recommendations is also needed, but as many pregnancies are unplanned, improved nutritional diet and lifestyles of women of childbearing age is also required. Alison M. Stuebe,(2009) e tal did this study to identify modifiable risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Project Viva cohort study was used as a design. In this study they assessed associations of diet and physical activity with excessive GWG among 1388 women. Three hundred seventy-nine women (27%) were overweight (body mass index ≠¥ 26 kg/m2) and 703 (51%) experienced excessive GWG, according to Institute of Medicine guidelines. In multivariable logistic regression models, they found that intake of total energy (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.22, per 500 kcal/d), dairy (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00-1.17, per serving per day), and fried foods (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 0.91-13.24, per serving per day) were associated with excessive GWG. In first trimester vegetarian diet (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28-0.78) and mid pregnancy walking (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83-1.01, per 30 minutes per day) and vigorous physical activity (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60-0.97, per 30 minutes per day) were inversely associated with excessive GWG. Hannah Tait Neufeld et al. (2008) did this study to describe how aboriginal women in an urban setting perceive dietary treatment recommendations associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Design used was Semi-structured explanatory model interviews explored Aboriginal womens illness experiences with GD. Twenty-nine self-declared Aboriginal women who had received a diagnosis of GDM were participated .Result was participants associated fear, anxiety, and frustration with GDM. Emotional reactions appeared alongside negative relationships with food and other prescribed in lifestyle treatments. Results suggested that the experience of living with GDM can be overwhelming, as suggested by some of the complex factors influencing womens perceptions and reported behaviors. Discussions indicated that many felt socially isolated and had a poor self-image and sense of failure resulting from ineffective management GDM of practices. Penelope McLernon et al (2008) did this study. In this study, one of the most prevalent complications of pregnancy is asthma which is associated with an increased incidence of intrauterine growth restriction. The mechanisms that affect fetal development in pregnancies complicated by asthma were not clearly defined. Dietary fatty acids (FA) especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are particularly important during pregnancy due to their role in fetal growth and other development. The current study was designed to characterize the fatty acid profile in pregnant women with asthma to determine whether asthma severity or reduced fetal growth were associated with an altered FA profile. Maternal dietary intake and plasma fatty acid profile were examined in mother with and without asthma at 18, 30 and 36 weeks of gestation and maternal fatty acids levels were related to measures of fetal growth using Doppler ultrasound and birth outcomes. This was used as a method for data collection. R esults of this was that pregnant women with moderate and severe asthma had increased circulating plasma fatty acid levels at 36 weeks gestation but reduced dietary intake of fats compared to those women with mild asthma and healthy pregnant controls. In addition, women with moderate and severe asthma had increased circulating levels at 36 weeks gestation which was associated with reduced fetal and neonatal head circumference. Ruth M. McManus, (2007) et al did this study to compare the associated costs of actual food choices versus the cost of a constructed recommended diet. In this study costs associated with nutritious foods may be a barrier to healthy dietary choices and of particular concern to pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Survey was conducted in a tertiary care diabetes and pregnancy clinic to compare the associated costs of actual food choices versus the cost of a constructed recommended diet. Method which used this study was women with types 1, 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) completed 24-hour dietary recalls under the supervision of the research coordinator (Actual Diet). Recommended Diet for this population was constructed independent of responses of participants. Actual and Recommended Diets were standardized per 2000 kcal, priced and compared for content and cost of diet. Result was Seventy-five women participated: 27 with GDM, 29 with type 1 diabetes and 19 with type 2 diabete s. There were no significant cost differences between Recommended and Actual Diets .Food choices expressed per 2000 kcal: Recommended Diet $10.14 ±3.72; Actual Diet GDM: $11.30 ±3.88; Actual Diet of type 1 diabetes: $9.00 ±3.16; Actual Diet of type 2 diabetes: $10.24 ±3.92. Percentage of fiber intake was lower for Actual Diets than Recommended Diet for all, while percentage of protein intake was lower in Actual than Recommended Diet for women in type 1 diabetes.

How computer viruses work :: essays research papers

How computer viruses work Computer viruses are not understood very well, but they get your attention. Viruses show us how vulnerable we are, but they also show how open and worldly human beings have become. Microsoft and other large companies had to shut down all their e-mail systems when the â€Å"Melissa† virus became a worldwide event.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A computer virus is passed on from one computer to another computer. A virus must ride on top of some other program to document in order to perform an instruction. After it is running, it can then infect other programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viruses were first seen in the late 1980s; the first factor was the spread of personal computers. Before the 1980’s home computers were non-existent or they were used for toys, and the real computers were very rare and they were locked away to only be used by the â€Å"experts.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second factor was the se of the â€Å"bulletin boards†; any one could get to a bulletin board if they had a modem and download programs. Bulletin boards led to the precursor of the virus known as the Trojan Horse. It is a program that sounds really cool when you read it, so then people download it, and when people run the program, however, it does something uncool like erasing your disk, so people think that they are getting something neat, but it wipes out their system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third factor to viruses is the floppy disk. Programs were small and they could fit the operating system, or a word processor onto the floppy disk, and then turn on the machine and it would load the operating system and everything else off the disk. Viruses took advantage of these three facts to create the first self-replicating programs!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early viruses were pieces of code attached to programs like games or word processors. People could download an infected game from a bulletin board and run it, and a virus like this is a small piece of code embedded in a larger, legitimate program. The virus loads its self to memory and looks around to see if it can find any programs on the hard disk. When it finds one it modifies it to the virus’s code to the program. Then the virus launches the â€Å"real program,† and the user has no way of knowing that it is infected. The next time this program is executed, they infect other programs, and the cycle continues.

deviance :: essays research papers

Deviance is an individual's or group's behavior, ideas, or attributes that some people in society find offensive, wrong, immoral, sinful, evil, strange, or disgusting. This definition consists of three parts. Expectation: Some behavioral expectation must exist. Violation: There must be a real or implied violation of the expectation Reaction: An individual, group, or society must react to the deviance The strain theory by Robert Merton believes that American society pushes individuals toward deviance by overemphasizing the importance of monetary success, while failing to emphasize the legitimate means to achieve that success. Cultural Transmission Theory by Edwin Sutherland states that deviants learn patterns of behavior form the people with whom they associate on a regular basis. Not only do they teach us the techniques for committing deviant acts, but also a set of beliefs and attitudes that justify or rationalize the behavior The Anomie Theory was coined by Emile Durkheim and it refers to the condition of normlessness, in which values and norms have little impact and the culture no longer provides adequate guidlines for behavior. Deviance is also thought of as an individual choice because it appears that the consequences of doing it are more desirable than the consequences of doing something else. The choice is as simple as weighing the pros and cons. Biological theories are a bit weak due to all the exceptions to the rule. William Sheldon proposed that deviance is in the body type. Other theorists say its in the extra Y chromosone Psychologists have attributed antisocial behavior to the conscious mind being too weak to overcome the strength of the id. Labeling theorists attempt to explain how cultural and individual perceptions create and sustain deviant idetities. A deviant is not different from you or I, they are just labeled deviant successfully. Has led sociologists to distinguish between primary and secondary deviance. Primary deviance is the original behavior that leads to the application of the label to an individual. Secondary deviance is the behavior that people develop as a result of having been labeled Functions of Deviance Deviance actually helps teach society's rules providing illustrations of violation. It is functional in that it 1) causes the group's members to close ranks 2) promotes group solidarity 3) help clarify what society really believes in 4)teaches normal behavior by showing us what is abnormal. Durkheim stated that deviance is "an intergral part of all healthy societies." There seems to be a disjunction between means and ends, such as the emphasis on wealth and success without many legitimate means to achieve them.

Nutrition Essay

1.Select a sweetener. Sucrose 2.Explore the history of the sweetener (when it was developed, its composition). Sucrose, according to our text, is composed of one glucose (the most common sugar molecule) molecule and one fructose (the sweetest natural sugar) molecule. The bond is called glycosidic linkage. Because of this mixture, Sucrose is known to be sweeter than lactose or maltose (the other 2 out of the 3 most common disaccharides, which is a carbohydrate compound consisting of 2 or more molecules joined together). The history of sucrose dates back to thousands and thousands of years ago when the sugar cane was discovered in the South Pacific, rumored specifically to have been found in New Guinea. Its molecular formula is C12H22O11. (taken from Wikipedia) 3.Discuss safety and the sweetener that you have selected. When pure, sucrose has an energy content of 3.94 kilocalories per gram, which helps give someone that instant â€Å"jolt of energy† they are looking for. This becomes unsafe when consumed in large amounts and when looking at it from a health standpoint, should not be used for that jolt. When using Sucrose in moderation, or small doses, it does not pose as may risk factors as it does when over consumed. Also, please note that there really is not any nutritional value in Sucrose itself. Typically, sucrose is spoken of as table sugar. The most common health risk of Sucrose would be linked to tooth decay and other dental issues. Other health issues linked to a diet with an over-abundance of sucrose would be hypoglycemia or diabetes mellitus. 4.Examine the relationship between the sweetener that you have selected and obesity. There is a lot to be said about sugars of any type in your diet. When it comes to Sucrose consumption leading to obesity, it really depends on the type and frequency of the consumption itself. For instance, some drinks containing high levels of sucrose may be linked to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Also, as said above, it can lead to dental problems and possibly diabetes. It has also been assumed that Sucrose can lead to metabolic syndrome. This is a combination of medical disorders that can increase diabetes and cardiovascular diseases when working together. Because this occurs within the insulin-resistant, it does not necessarily mean you are obese if you’re diagnosed, but it does mean that it can increase ones chances of being obese. So when all is said in done, use Sucrose or any sweeteners for that fact, in low-moderation to avoid any health risks that result in the o ver consumption of Sucrose.